B2Lesson 9: Advanced Verb and Clause Patterns

Valency and transitivity

Valency describes how many and what kind of complements a verb selects. Transitivity is one part of that wider system.

The Core Idea

Valency describes how many and what kind of complements a verb selects. Transitivity is one part of that wider system.
When a verb feels hard to use, the real issue is often the complement frame, not the conjugation. Valency makes that frame explicit.

Structure Snapshot

  • intransitive / transitive direct / transitive indirect / bitransitive patterns

Main Rules at a Glance

StepRule
Rule 1Intransitive verbs do not require an object: "cheguei", "saí".
Rule 2Transitive direct verbs typically take a direct object: "comprei o livro".
Rule 3Transitive indirect verbs require a prepositional complement: "gostar de música", "obedecer a regras".
Rule 4Bitransitive verbs can take two complements: "dar algo a alguém", "mostrar algo para alguém".

How It Works

  1. Intransitive verbs do not require an object: "cheguei", "saí".
  2. Transitive direct verbs typically take a direct object: "comprei o livro".
  3. Transitive indirect verbs require a prepositional complement: "gostar de música", "obedecer a regras".
  4. Bitransitive verbs can take two complements: "dar algo a alguém", "mostrar algo para alguém".
  5. Some verbs shift meaning when the valency changes, so transitivity must be learned with usage.

Usage and Register

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