B1Lesson 5: The "SE" Constructions

Passive with se

Passive se presents the affected thing without naming the agent. It is frequent in signs, ads, instructions, and semi-formal writing.

The Core Idea

Passive se presents the affected thing without naming the agent. It is frequent in signs, ads, instructions, and semi-formal writing.
You see this pattern constantly in Brazil. It is part of real urban language, not just formal grammar: storefronts, rental ads, public notices, and classified posts use it all the time.

Structure Snapshot

  • se + verb + patient noun

Main Rules at a Glance

StepRule
Rule 1Use passive "se" when the verb has a direct object that becomes the focus: "vende-se apartamento", "alugam-se quartos".
Rule 2The verb agrees with the noun that receives the action: singular with one item, plural with more than one.
Rule 3This differs from impersonal "se", which does not passivize a direct object in the same way.
Rule 4Passive "se" is common in public notices, announcements, service language, and ads.

How It Works

  1. Use passive "se" when the verb has a direct object that becomes the focus: "vende-se apartamento", "alugam-se quartos".
  2. The verb agrees with the noun that receives the action: singular with one item, plural with more than one.
  3. This differs from impersonal "se", which does not passivize a direct object in the same way.
  4. Passive "se" is common in public notices, announcements, service language, and ads.

Usage and Register

  • "Precisa-se de funcionários" is impersonal, not passive, because the verb takes a prepositional complement.

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