From Spanish to Portuguese

• -ción→-ção
  nación → naçãocanción → cançãoinformación → informação
  The plural ends in -ções: nações, canções.
• -dad→-dade
  ciudad → cidadeverdad → verdadelibertad → liberdade
  Feminine, as in Spanish: a cidade, a verdade.
• -ón→-ão
  razón → razãoavión → aviãolimón → limão
  The plural usually ends in -ões: razões, aviões.
• -aje→-agem
  viaje → viagemmensaje → mensagempaisaje → paisagem
  These nouns are feminine in Portuguese: a viagem, a mensagem.
• -ble→-vel
  posible → possívelamable → amávelincreíble → incrível
  The stress stays in place, so the word takes a written accent: possível.
• ñ→nh
  señor → senhorEspaña → Espanhamontaña → montanha
  One exception to remember: año is ano.
• ll→lh
  batalla → batalhamaravilla → maravilhatoalla → toalha
  Sometimes ll becomes a single l instead: caballo is cavalo.
• ll-→ch-
  llamar → chamarllave → chavelluvia → chuvallegar → chegar
  At the start of a word, ll often becomes ch.
• j→lh
  hijo → filhoojo → olhotrabajo → trabalhomujer → mulher
  Common in everyday words, but not universal: jardín is jardim.
• h-→f-
  hablar → falarhacer → fazerhierro → ferroharina → farinha
  Where Spanish has a silent h, Portuguese often kept the f.
• ue, ie→o, e
  puerta → portanuevo → novotierra → terratiempo → tempo
  Portuguese keeps the single vowel where Spanish has ue or ie.
• pl, bl, gl→pr, br, gr
  playa → praiaplaza → praçablanco → brancoiglesia → igreja
  Mostly in older, everyday words. Learned words keep the l: planeta, problema.
• -n-, -l-
  luna → luacolor → corsalir → sairvolar → voar
  Between two vowels, a Spanish n or l often disappears.

• roxopurple
  For Spanish rojo, use vermelho.
• esquisitoweird
  For Spanish exquisito, use delicioso.
• embaraçadaembarrassed or tangled
  For Spanish embarazada, use grávida.
• polvooctopus
  For Spanish polvo, use pó.
• apelidonickname
  For Spanish apellido, use sobrenome.
• borracharubber or eraser
  For Spanish borracha, use bêbada.
• cenascene
  For Spanish cena, use jantar.
• oficinaworkshop or garage
  For Spanish oficina, use escritório.
• taçawine glass or trophy
  For Spanish taza, use xícara.
• vasovase or flowerpot
  For Spanish vaso, use copo.
• largowide
  For Spanish largo, use comprido.
• brincarto play (as children do)
  For Spanish brincar, use pular.
• acordarto wake up
  For Spanish acordarse, use lembrar.
• propinabribe
  For Spanish propina, use gorjeta.
• todaviahowever
  For Spanish todavía, use ainda.
• assinaturasignature or subscription
  For Spanish asignatura, use matéria.
• presuntoham
  For Spanish presunto, use suposto.
• tirarto take off or remove
  For Spanish tirar, use jogar.
• pegarto grab or catch
  For Spanish pegar, use bater.
• prejuízoloss or damage
  For Spanish prejuicio, use preconceito.

One rule covers many of them: nouns ending in -agem are almost always feminine.

• de, di
  Before an i sound, including a final -de, d sounds like the j in jeans.
  dia ≈ djíacidade ≈ sidádjipode ≈ pódji
• te, ti
  Before an i sound, including a final -te, t sounds like the ch in cheese.
  noite ≈ nóichileite ≈ léichitio ≈ chíu
• -e, -o
  At the end of a word, an unstressed e sounds like i and an unstressed o sounds like u.
  nome ≈ nómilivro ≈ lívruobrigado ≈ obrigádu
• -l
  At the end of a syllable, l sounds like u.
  Brasil ≈ brasíumal ≈ máufutebol ≈ fuchibóu
• r-, rr
  At the start of a word and as rr, r sounds like the h in house.
  rio ≈ jíurua ≈ júacarro ≈ cáju
• ã, ão, õe, -m
  Air flows through the nose on ã, ão and õe, and on a vowel before a final m. Keep your lips open on the m of bem and sim.
  pãomãebemsim
• é / ê, ó / ô
  Open é and ó and closed ê and ô are different sounds, and they change meaning: avó is grandmother, avô is grandfather.
  avóavô
• -ia
  Many words ending in -ia stress the i, where Spanish does not: democracia, academia. Polícia goes the other way.
  democracia ≈ de·mo·cra·CI·aacademia ≈ a·ca·de·MI·apolícia ≈ po·LÍ·cia
• nh, lh
  nh is Spanish ñ. lh is neither ll nor y: it sounds close to li said quickly.
  banho ≈ báñufilho ≈ fíliutrabalho ≈ trabáliu
• -s-
  A single s between vowels sounds like z.
  casamesarosa
• v / b
  Portuguese keeps v and b apart. For v, touch your upper teeth to your lower lip: vela is a candle, bela means beautiful.
  velabelavembem
• ch, x, j, ge, gi
  ch and x usually sound like sh. j, and g before e or i, sound like the s in measure.
  chuvaxícarajanelagente

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