Meaning
To roll up one's sleeves / To get to work
Example
Temos muita coisa para limpar aqui, hora de arregaçar as mangas!
We have a lot to clean up here, time to roll up our sleeves!
Origin
The origin is not documented in academic etymology. The image is straightforward: pulling sleeves back off the wrists before physical work. The same gesture gives English 'roll up one's sleeves' and Spanish 'arremangarse.'
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More idioms
Acertar na moscaTo guess correctly / To hit the nail on the headAmigo da onçaA fake/false friendAndar na linhaTo toe the line / To behave properlyArmar um barracoTo cause a public sceneRodar a baianaTo cause a public scene / To go ballisticArrumar sarna pra se coçarTo ask for troubleArrastar as asasTo hit on someone / To flirtAbrir o jogoTo come clean / To open upAgarrar com unhas e dentesTo hold on for dear life / To seize an opportunityBater as botasTo kick the bucket / To die