Meaning
To grab a bite / to chow down
Example
Vamos bater um rango antes do filme?
Shall we grab a bite before the movie?
Origin
Bater um rango means "to grab a bite / have a meal," where rango is slang for food or grub. The verb bater ("to hit") is used loosely here, as in many casual Brazilian phrases, to mean "knock out" or "get done" — so bater um rango is roughly "to knock back a meal."
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More idioms
Acertar na moscaTo guess correctly / To hit the nail on the headAmigo da onçaA fake/false friendAndar na linhaTo toe the line / To behave properlyArmar um barracoTo cause a public sceneRodar a baianaTo cause a public scene / To go ballisticArrumar sarna pra se coçarTo ask for troubleArrastar as asasTo hit on someone / To flirtAbrir o jogoTo come clean / To open upArregaçar as mangasTo roll up one's sleeves / To get to workAgarrar com unhas e dentesTo hold on for dear life / To seize an opportunity