快速答案
alegar 提出仍需核实的主张或理由；afirmar 把陈述作为确定事实说出。
可靠的方法是先判断这个词在句子里的功能，再翻译。
每个词的作用
alegar
to allege or cite as a reason
Use alegar for presenting a claim, defense, or justification that may still need proof.
afirmar
to state or assert
Use afirmar for expressing something positively and with confidence.
如何选择
- alegar: Choose alegar if the sentence points to presenting a claim, defense, or justification that may still need proof.
- afirmar: Choose afirmar if the sentence points to expressing something positively and with confidence.
例句
A empresa alegou que cumpriu o contrato.
The company claimed that it fulfilled the contract.
A diretora afirmou que o prazo será mantido.
The director stated that the deadline will be maintained.
常见误区
The verb alone does not decide truth. Alegar signals argumentative status, while afirmar signals the speaker’s assertive stance.
放到语境中练习
从你的真实生活中选一个句子，写两遍：一次用 alegar，一次用 afirmar。如果两个版本都可以，说明意思怎样变化。