快速答案
emprestar 通常从出借者的角度说；pedir emprestado 明确表示借入者的动作。
可靠的方法是先判断这个词在句子里的功能，再翻译。
每个词的作用
emprestar
to lend
Use emprestar for giving something temporarily with the expectation of getting it back.
pedir emprestado
to borrow
Use pedir emprestado for asking to use someone else’s thing temporarily.
如何选择
- emprestar: Choose emprestar if the sentence points to giving something temporarily with the expectation of getting it back.
- pedir emprestado: Choose pedir emprestado if the sentence points to asking to use someone else’s thing temporarily.
例句
Vou emprestar meu livro ao João.
I am going to lend my book to João.
Posso pedir seu lápis emprestado?
May I borrow your pencil?
常见误区
Some Brazilians also use emprestar for borrowing. When direction could be unclear, say emprestar a alguém or pedir emprestado de alguém.
放到语境中练习
从你的真实生活中选一个句子，写两遍：一次用 emprestar，一次用 pedir emprestado。如果两个版本都可以，说明意思怎样变化。