B2Lesson 9: Advanced Verb and Clause Patterns

Personal infinitive

Portuguese can inflect the infinitive for person and number. This personal infinitive is especially useful when the infinitive clause has its own subject.

The Core Idea

Portuguese can inflect the infinitive for person and number. This personal infinitive is especially useful when the infinitive clause has its own subject.
The personal infinitive is one of the structures that makes Portuguese feel structurally distinct. It is highly useful in careful writing and in many natural spoken patterns as well.

Structure Snapshot

  • infinitive + person endings

Main Rules at a Glance

StepRule
Rule 1Use the personal infinitive when the infinitive clause has an explicit subject or when you want to mark a subject clearly: "para eu entender", "antes de sairmos".
Rule 2It commonly appears after prepositions and in reduced clauses.
Rule 3The personal infinitive is not required in every context, but it is a powerful and very Portuguese structure.
Rule 4The form helps separate the subject of the infinitive clause from the subject of the main clause.

How It Works

  1. Use the personal infinitive when the infinitive clause has an explicit subject or when you want to mark a subject clearly: "para eu entender", "antes de sairmos".
  2. It commonly appears after prepositions and in reduced clauses.
  3. The personal infinitive is not required in every context, but it is a powerful and very Portuguese structure.
  4. The form helps separate the subject of the infinitive clause from the subject of the main clause.

Usage and Register

  • Some contexts allow either the uninflected or personal infinitive, while others strongly favor the personal form.

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