手早い答え
advertir は警告・戒め、avisar は日常的で広い「知らせる」です。
確実な見分け方は、英語から訳す前に、その単語の働きを見きわめることです。
それぞれの単語の働き
advertir
to warn or admonish
Use advertir for calling attention to a risk, fault, or serious consequence.
avisar
to notify or let know
Use avisar for giving practical information or a warning in everyday language.
選び方
- advertir: Choose advertir if the sentence points to calling attention to a risk, fault, or serious consequence.
- avisar: Choose avisar if the sentence points to giving practical information or a warning in everyday language.
例文
O médico advertiu sobre os riscos do tratamento.
The doctor warned about the risks of the treatment.
Avise quando você chegar.
Let me know when you arrive.
よくある落とし穴
An aviso can be neutral. Advertir normally presupposes something the listener should avoid, correct, or take seriously.
文脈の中で練習する
自分の実生活から文を一つ選び、二回書いてみましょう。一度はadvertirで、もう一度はavisarで。どちらも成り立ちそうなら、意味の違いを言葉にしてみましょう。