手早い答え
relatar は経緯を叙述し、reportar は機関・報告先への伝達を強調します。
確実な見分け方は、英語から訳す前に、その単語の働きを見きわめることです。
それぞれの単語の働き
relatar
to recount or document
Use relatar for giving an ordered account of facts, experiences, or events.
reportar
to report upward or to a channel
Use reportar for communicating an occurrence to an authority, organization, or reporting system.
選び方
- relatar: Choose relatar if the sentence points to giving an ordered account of facts, experiences, or events.
- reportar: Choose reportar if the sentence points to communicating an occurrence to an authority, organization, or reporting system.
例文
A testemunha relatou o que viu.
The witness recounted what she saw.
O analista reportou a falha à diretoria.
The analyst reported the failure to management.
よくある落とし穴
In careful prose, do not use reportar merely as a fashionable replacement for relatar. Choose it when the reporting destination matters.
文脈の中で練習する
自分の実生活から文を一つ選び、二回書いてみましょう。一度はrelatarで、もう一度はreportarで。どちらも成り立ちそうなら、意味の違いを言葉にしてみましょう。