手早い答え
este は話し手の近く、esse は聞き手の近くまたは既出のもの、aquele は両者から遠いものを指します。
確実な見分け方は、英語から訳す前に、その単語の働きを見きわめることです。
それぞれの単語の働き
este
this one near me
Use este for something close to the speaker or being introduced now.
esse
that one near you
Use esse for something near the listener or already mentioned.
aquele
that one over there
Use aquele for something distant from both speaker and listener.
選び方
- este: Choose este if the sentence points to something close to the speaker or being introduced now.
- esse: Choose esse if the sentence points to something near the listener or already mentioned.
- aquele: Choose aquele if the sentence points to something distant from both speaker and listener.
例文
Este livro é meu.
This book is mine.
Esse copo é seu.
That glass is yours.
Aquele prédio é alto.
That building over there is tall.
よくある落とし穴
In everyday Brazilian speech, esse often replaces este. Aquele still clearly marks greater distance.
文脈の中で練習する
自分の実生活から文を一つ選び、二回書いてみましょう。一度はesteで、もう一度はesseで。どちらも成り立ちそうなら、意味の違いを言葉にしてみましょう。