手早い答え
fortuito は予期しない偶然の出来事、aleatório はパターンのなさや無作為抽出です。
確実な見分け方は、英語から訳す前に、その単語の働きを見きわめることです。
それぞれの単語の働き
fortuito
fortuitous or unforeseen
Use fortuito for happening by chance or outside reasonable prediction and control.
aleatório
random
Use aleatório for selected or occurring without a determined pattern, often by a random procedure.
選び方
- fortuito: Choose fortuito if the sentence points to happening by chance or outside reasonable prediction and control.
- aleatório: Choose aleatório if the sentence points to selected or occurring without a determined pattern, often by a random procedure.
例文
O encontro fortuito mudou o rumo da pesquisa.
The chance encounter changed the course of the research.
A amostra foi escolhida de modo aleatório.
The sample was chosen randomly.
よくある落とし穴
A random sample is aleatória by design, not fortuita. A chance encounter is fortuito even without a statistical procedure.
文脈の中で練習する
自分の実生活から文を一つ選び、二回書いてみましょう。一度はfortuitoで、もう一度はaleatórioで。どちらも成り立ちそうなら、意味の違いを言葉にしてみましょう。