手早い答え
isentar は正式な免除、eximir は責任・非難・義務から解放することが多いです。
確実な見分け方は、英語から訳す前に、その単語の働きを見きわめることです。
それぞれの単語の働き
isentar
to exempt
Use isentar for formally freeing someone from a tax, fee, requirement, or rule.
eximir
to release from responsibility
Use eximir for freeing someone from blame, duty, liability, or an obligation.
選び方
- isentar: Choose isentar if the sentence points to formally freeing someone from a tax, fee, requirement, or rule.
- eximir: Choose eximir if the sentence points to freeing someone from blame, duty, liability, or an obligation.
例文
A lei isenta pequenas empresas da taxa.
The law exempts small businesses from the fee.
O cargo não o exime de responsabilidade.
The position does not release him from responsibility.
よくある落とし穴
They overlap with duties, but their strongest collocations differ: isenção fiscal and eximir-se de responsabilidade.
文脈の中で練習する
自分の実生活から文を一つ選び、二回書いてみましょう。一度はisentarで、もう一度はeximirで。どちらも成り立ちそうなら、意味の違いを言葉にしてみましょう。