手早い答え
ônus は負担・不利な結果、encargo は割り当てられた責務・追加料金を強調します。
確実な見分け方は、英語から訳す前に、その単語の働きを見きわめることです。
それぞれの単語の働き
ônus
burden or disadvantage
Use ônus for a legal, financial, or practical burden attached to a choice, right, or claim.
encargo
charge, duty, or assigned burden
Use encargo for a responsibility entrusted to someone or an additional financial charge.
選び方
- ônus: Choose ônus if the sentence points to a legal, financial, or practical burden attached to a choice, right, or claim.
- encargo: Choose encargo if the sentence points to a responsibility entrusted to someone or an additional financial charge.
例文
Cabe ao autor o ônus da prova.
The burden of proof falls on the claimant.
Ela assumiu o encargo de coordenar a equipe.
She took on the duty of coordinating the team.
よくある落とし穴
Both can be financial. Preserve fixed expressions such as ônus da prova and encargos trabalhistas rather than swapping them.
文脈の中で練習する
自分の実生活から文を一つ選び、二回書いてみましょう。一度はônusで、もう一度はencargoで。どちらも成り立ちそうなら、意味の違いを言葉にしてみましょう。