手早い答え
receber は受け取る動作、ganhar は獲得・勝利・利益を強調します。
確実な見分け方は、英語から訳す前に、その単語の働きを見きわめることです。
それぞれの単語の働き
receber
to receive
Use receber for the act of something arriving or being handed to someone.
ganhar
to win, earn, or get
Use ganhar for obtaining a prize, salary, gift, advantage, or increase.
選び方
- receber: Choose receber if the sentence points to the act of something arriving or being handed to someone.
- ganhar: Choose ganhar if the sentence points to obtaining a prize, salary, gift, advantage, or increase.
例文
Recebi uma carta da escola.
I received a letter from the school.
Ganhei um prêmio no concurso.
I won a prize in the contest.
よくある落とし穴
A gift can be recebido or ganho. Receber highlights the handoff; ganhar highlights that it became yours.
文脈の中で練習する
自分の実生活から文を一つ選び、二回書いてみましょう。一度はreceberで、もう一度はganharで。どちらも成り立ちそうなら、意味の違いを言葉にしてみましょう。