手早い答え
ética は行為の理性的・職業的検討、moral は集団の価値観や規範を指すことが多いです。
確実な見分け方は、英語から訳す前に、その単語の働きを見きわめることです。
それぞれの単語の働き
ética
ethics
Use ética for principles used to examine conduct, including professional standards and reasoned systems.
moral
morality or moral rules
Use moral for values and rules of right and wrong held by a person, community, or tradition.
選び方
- ética: Choose ética if the sentence points to principles used to examine conduct, including professional standards and reasoned systems.
- moral: Choose moral if the sentence points to values and rules of right and wrong held by a person, community, or tradition.
例文
O comitê discutiu a ética da pesquisa.
The committee discussed research ethics.
A decisão contrariou a moral da época.
The decision went against the morality of the period.
よくある落とし穴
Writers and philosophers define the boundary in different ways. Use the terms consistently rather than treating this practical distinction as absolute.
文脈の中で練習する
自分の実生活から文を一つ選び、二回書いてみましょう。一度はéticaで、もう一度はmoralで。どちらも成り立ちそうなら、意味の違いを言葉にしてみましょう。