手早い答え
virar は生き生きした口語、ficar は結果の状態、tornar-se は中立的・改まった変化を表します。
確実な見分け方は、英語から訳す前に、その単語の働きを見きわめることです。
それぞれの単語の働き
virar
to turn into or become
Use virar for a direct, visible, or colloquial change into a new role or state.
ficar
to become or end up
Use ficar for the resulting condition, feeling, appearance, or location after a change.
tornar-se
to become
Use tornar-se for a neutral or formal transformation, often gradual or important.
選び方
- virar: Choose virar if the sentence points to a direct, visible, or colloquial change into a new role or state.
- ficar: Choose ficar if the sentence points to the resulting condition, feeling, appearance, or location after a change.
- tornar-se: Choose tornar-se if the sentence points to a neutral or formal transformation, often gradual or important.
例文
A rua virou um rio depois da chuva.
The street turned into a river after the rain.
Fiquei feliz com a notícia.
I became happy when I heard the news.
Ela se tornou médica.
She became a doctor.
よくある落とし穴
No single Portuguese verb covers every English “become.” Choose according to the kind of change and the register.
文脈の中で練習する
自分の実生活から文を一つ選び、二回書いてみましょう。一度はvirarで、もう一度はficarで。どちらも成り立ちそうなら、意味の違いを言葉にしてみましょう。