The Falando Atlas of Brazilian Portuguese
58 regional vocabulary words and expressions documented for the South, including forms associated with sulista speakers.
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Southern Brazilian Portuguese is organized into several documented speech areas: northern and central Paraná zones, Rio Grande do Sul corridors, an Azorean-Catarinense coastal zone, transition zones across Santa Catarina, a southern border zone and bilingual contact areas. Their histories include Azorean-Madeiran settlement, cattle-driving routes linking paulista and gaúcho communities, internal migration, Portuguese-Spanish frontier contact, and German-, Italian-, Polish- and Ukrainian-speaking settlements.
These histories remain audible in specific features. Tu is frequent in Rio Grande do Sul and several Santa Catarina communities, with locally different verb agreement; syllable-final retroflex r is strong in Paraná; Portuguese-Spanish contact contributed words such as bolita and pandorga; and Italian-contact communities can use a tap where other varieties have a strong r, as in regional pronunciations of carro and terra.
Geographic orientation. The highlighted state or region locates this page; its outline is not a linguistic boundary.
| Word | Meaning | Category | Register |
|---|---|---|---|
| abagualado | rough, uncouth | Praise, insults & judgements | informal |
| abichornado | down in the dumps, dejected | Praise, insults & judgements | informal |
| afudê | awesome, really | Praise, insults & judgements | slang |
| atucanado | worried, snowed under | Praise, insults & judgements | informal |
| badogue | slingshot | Everyday objects | neutral |
| bagual | awesome, badass, untamed | Praise, insults & judgements | informal |
| bah | bah | Interjections & fillers | informal |
| barrilete | kite | Everyday objects | neutral |
| bergamota | tangerine | Food & drink | neutral |
| biloca | marble | Everyday objects | informal |
| bolicho | small countryside store | Places & getting around | informal |
| bolita | marble | Everyday objects | informal |
| bombear | to spy, to keep watch | Actions & verbs | informal |
| búrica | marble | Everyday objects | informal |
| cacetinho | French bread | Food & drink | neutral |
| capaz | capable, no way!, really? | Interjections & fillers | informal |
| china | young woman | People & forms of address | informal |
| chinelear | to humiliate, to walk all over | Actions & verbs | slang |
| chineque | sweet bakery roll | Food & drink | informal |
| cigarra | dragonfly | Other words | neutral |
| cusco | small dog, mutt | Everyday objects | informal |
| embretar-se | to get into trouble, to get cornered | Actions & verbs | informal |
| frio de renguear cusco | bitterly cold weather | Idioms | informal |
| funda | slingshot | Everyday objects | neutral |
| guacho | orphaned (animal/person) | Praise, insults & judgements | informal |
| guaipeca | mongrel, mutt | Other words | informal |
| guapo | handsome, good-looking | Praise, insults & judgements | informal |
| guasca | rustic, rough gaucho | People & forms of address | informal |
| guri | boy, kid | People & forms of address | informal |
| lagartear | to sunbathe lazily | Actions & verbs | informal |
| lava-bunda | dragonfly | Other words | informal |
| lindeiro | next door, adjacent | Other words | neutral |
| maleva | spiteful, vindictive | Praise, insults & judgements | informal |
| mimosa | tangerine | Food & drink | neutral |
| mosquear | to space out, to get distracted | Actions & verbs | slang |
| olada | opportunity, chance | Other words | informal |
| pandoga | kite | Everyday objects | neutral |
| pandorga | kite | Everyday objects | neutral |
| pão de trigo | bread roll in Florianópolis and parts of Bahia | Food & drink | neutral |
| peleia | fight, brawl | Other words | informal |
| piá | kid, boy | People & forms of address | informal |
| pila | buck, money (one real) | Other words | slang |
| pilchado | dressed in gaucho traditional outfit | People & forms of address | neutral |
| porongo | gourd (used for chimarrão mate tea) | Everyday objects | neutral |
| prenda | young woman | People & forms of address | neutral |
| rótula | roundabout | Places & getting around | neutral |
| setra | slingshot | Everyday objects | neutral |
| sinaleira | traffic light | Everyday objects | neutral |
| solito | all alone, by oneself | Praise, insults & judgements | informal |
| tri | super, really good | Praise, insults & judgements | informal |
| trovar | to flirt, to chat up | Actions & verbs | informal |
| vina | hot-dog sausage | Food & drink | informal |
| vivente | soul, fella | People & forms of address | informal |
| xepa | cigarette butt | Everyday objects | informal |
| zambeta | bow-legged | People & forms of address | informal |
bah
The signature gaúcho interjection, thrown in at the start of a sentence to express astonishment or emphasis ('Bah, que frio!'). Aulete labels it explicitly as Rio Grande do Sul.
Bah, essa notícia pegou todo mundo de surpresa.Bah, that news caught everyone by surprise.
capable, no way!, really?
Nationwide, capaz means capable. In spontaneous gaúcho speech it also works as a discourse marker whose intonation can express surprise, doubt, affirmation or emphatic denial.
Você é capaz de realizar seus sonhos.You are capable of achieving your dreams.
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young woman
In gaúcho speech a 'china' is a young countrywoman, and the word is at home in traditionalist song and dance. Handle with care: the same entry also carries 'indigenous/cabocla woman', 'concubine' and, in the South, 'prostitute', so it can land as racialised or insulting outside that folk context.
Aquela china dança o bem-querer.That young woman dances bem-querer.
rough, uncouth
A gaúcho word for someone coarse, rough-mannered or unpolished, borrowed from describing a skittish half-wild horse (bagual). It is teasing rather than insulting among friends, but avoid using it about strangers.
Ele é meio abagualado mas é gente boa.He's a bit rough but a good guy.
tangerine
The ordinary word for tangerine in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina; elsewhere in Brazil people say mexerica, tangerina, poncã or mimosa. It is fully neutral, used in shops and at home.
No sul, bergamota é uma palavra comum.In the south, bergamota is a common word.
slingshot
One spelling in the badogue/badoque/bodoque family. ALiB records this family across northern and southern speech areas, with strong pockets in Bahia, Sergipe, Pernambuco, Goiás and the South.
Meu avô chamava de badogue o brinquedo feito com forquilha e borracha.My grandfather called the fork-and-rubber toy a badogue.
to spy, to keep watch
To watch or scope something out discreetly — 'bombear o movimento' is to keep an eye on the street. Aulete tags the discreet-watching sense RS; the plain meaning of the verb is 'to pump', so context decides.
O Sérgio ficou na esquina bombeando o movimento.Sérgio stayed at the corner watching the movement.
small countryside store
A small countryside or roadside general store, often doubling as a bar — the gaúcho equivalent of 'venda' or 'bodega'. Strongly gaúcho-flavoured; Aulete also records it for Mato Grosso do Sul.
Na esquina tem um bolicho.At the corner there is a small store.
bitterly cold weather
A vivid Gaucho expression for exceptionally severe cold. It belongs to the state’s rural phraseological tradition but is also used in contemporary weather commentary.
Hoje está um frio de renguear cusco.Today it is bitterly cold.
dragonfly
A regional dragonfly name in the Southeast and South. Elsewhere, cigarra normally means “cicada”, so the local insect context is essential.
Minha tia chamou de cigarra a libélula que cruzou o jardim.My aunt called the dragonfly that crossed the garden a cigarra.
to mount a horse, to hit the road
Rural/gaúcho expression: literally to swing your leg over — i.e. to mount a horse and set off. Toda Matéria lists it among southern slang with a cattle-driving example, so it carries a countryside, campeiro tone.
Vou alçar a perna e ir embora antes que escureça.I'm gonna hit the road before it gets dark.
to be scared stiff, to be spooked silly
A gaúcho way of saying you were floored by something — the nearest English is 'my jaw hit the floor'. The image is of the little butiá palm fruits spilling out of a gaucho's bombacha pockets when he jumps; it covers astonishment as much as fright, good news as well as bad.
Quando ouvi aquele barulho de noite, me caíram os butiá do bolso.When I heard that noise at night, I was scared stiff.
to take a stroll, to wander
Casual way of proposing a walk or a wander with no fixed destination. Watch out for the related but different 'dar uma banda EM alguém', which means to trip someone up or to cheat on them.
Bora dar uma banda no parque?Shall we take a stroll in the park?
rustic, rough gaucho
Literally a rawhide strap; applied to people it means a country-dwelling gaúcho, rough around the edges. Gaúchos often use it of themselves with pride, but from an outsider it can land as 'hick'.
Ele é guasca mas é gente boa.He's a rough gaucho but a good guy at heart.
boy, kid
The everyday Southern word for a boy or kid, with the feminine 'guria'. From Tupi; affectionate rather than slangy, and used freely by adults about children and by gaúchos about young men.
No Sul, chamam o menino de guri com muita naturalidade.In the South, calling a boy guri is completely natural.
kid, boy
The Southern word for a boy, from Tupi and strongest in Paraná — Aulete lists PR, RS and SC. It originally meant an indigenous or mixed-race child, so in older texts it can carry that loading; today it is simply affectionate for 'kid'.
Esse piá é rápido!That kid is fast!
dressed in gaucho traditional outfit
Dressed in full gaúcho kit — bombachas, boots, neckerchief. Said with pride at CTGs, rodeios and Semana Farroupilha events rather than about everyday clothes.
Ele chegou na festa todo pilchado.He showed up at the party in full gaucho outfit.
young woman
In Rio Grande do Sul a 'prenda' is a young woman — the female counterpart of the 'peão' in gaúcho traditionalist culture (CTG dances, rodeio queens). Anywhere else in Portuguese 'prenda' means a gift or a forfeit in a game, so the word is easily misread.
Aquela prenda dança muito bem.That young lady dances really well.
soul, fella
In gaúcho speech 'vivente' is simply a person or fellow, often alongside 'bah' and 'tchê'; the negative 'não tinha um vivente' means 'not a soul'. Elsewhere the word survives mainly in that fixed negative phrase.
Não tinha um vivente na estrada àquela hora.There wasn't a soul on the road at that hour.
bow-legged
Describes someone whose legs or feet turn out of true when they walk; it is a plain physical description in country speech but can be used mockingly, so avoid it about people present.
Ele anda zambeta de tanto montar a cavalo.He walks bow-legged from horse riding.
down in the dumps, dejected
Southern (especially gaucho) word for someone who has gone quiet and low after a setback. Aulete labels it Bras., sul; it is everyday informal speech, not offensive.
Depois da perda ficou abichornado.After the loss he was down in the dumps.
awesome, really
Current urban Rio Grande do Sul slang. It can be an adjective like awesome or an intensifier like really/very; its register is strongly informal.
O show de ontem foi afudê.Yesterday's show was awesome.
worried, snowed under
Said of someone harried, bothered or buried in obligations. Dictionaries mark it only as Brazilian; southern slang lists gloss it as 'preocupado', which matches the 'snowed under' use.
Tô atucanado com os prazos essa semana.I'm snowed under with deadlines this week.
awesome, badass, untamed
A gaúcho word whose literal sense is an untamed or newly broken horse; applied to people it carries that same rough, tough, untamed flavour. Aulete marks it (Bras., Sul), so it will sound distinctly southern outside Rio Grande do Sul.
Esse cara é bagual no churrasco.That guy is awesome at the barbecue.
orphaned (animal/person)
Said of an animal (classically a calf or lamb) reared by hand because it lost its mother; extended to an orphaned or motherless person. Farm/countryside vocabulary.
Esse bezerro é guacho, foi criado na mamadeira.This calf is an orphan, raised on the bottle.
handsome, good-looking
In gaúcho speech it praises someone as good-looking and strong or brave — the two ideas blend, echoing the Spanish 'guapo' of the neighbouring River Plate. Elsewhere in Brazil the word is rare and reads as bookish.
Aquele gaúcho é guapo.That gaucho is really handsome.
spiteful, vindictive
Gaúcho word for someone mean-spirited and holding a grudge; it also stretches to 'outlaw' and to a bad-tempered horse. Clearly negative — a warning about a person, not teasing.
Cuidado com ela, é maleva.Watch out for her, she's spiteful.
all alone, by oneself
Southern Brazilian for 'all on his own', borrowed from Spanish 'solito' across the Uruguayan and Argentine border. It carries a faint note of pity or affection that plain 'sozinho' does not.
O Juliano ficou solito em casa.Juliano stayed alone at home.
super, really good
Gaúcho intensifier: on its own it means 'great' ('ficou tri'), and before an adjective it means 'really' ('tri legal'). Pairs naturally with 'bah' and 'guria'.
Esse churrasco ficou tri!This barbecue was really good!
French bread
Cacetinho is strongly associated with Rio Grande do Sul, western Santa Catarina and the Salvador area. It is an ordinary bakery word in those places, not a joke or vulgarism.
Vou comprar dois cacetinhos na padaria.I'll buy two French breads at the bakery.
sweet bakery roll
A sweet bakery roll associated particularly with Curitiba and Paraná. It is regionally salient rather than exclusive to the city.
Em Curitiba, comprei um chineque na padaria.In Curitiba, I bought a sweet roll at the bakery.
tangerine
A regional everyday name for a tangerine, concentrated in eastern Paraná. ALiB records mimosa in the South, and the finer ALERS comparison identifies its main area in eastern Paraná. Here mimosa names the fruit, not the adjective or the flower.
No leste do Paraná, muita gente chama a tangerina de mimosa.In eastern Paraná, many people call a tangerine mimosa.
bread roll in Florianópolis and parts of Bahia
A locally recorded bread-roll name in Florianópolis and parts of inland Bahia. Elsewhere the phrase can simply describe any wheat bread.
Em Florianópolis, algumas pessoas pedem pão de trigo.In Florianópolis, some people order pão de trigo.
hot-dog sausage
The characteristic Curitiba word for a hot-dog sausage. Official city material documents it as current local vocabulary, while it is also heard elsewhere in Paraná.
Em Curitiba, vina pode significar salsicha.In Curitiba, vina can mean a hot-dog sausage.
kite
The Rio Grande do Sul word for a paper kite (elsewhere in Brazil: pipa, papagaio, cafifa). Aulete labels the kite sense 'Bras. RS', so outside the South it will read as 'small barrel'.
As crianças estão empinando barrilete no campo.The kids are flying a kite in the field.
marble
One of the biloca/bilosca forms documented in Minas Gerais and also present at lower frequency in the South.
Em Minas Gerais, biloca pode significar bola de gude.In Minas Gerais, biloca can mean a marble.
marble
A Southern name for a marble, clearly documented in ALiB data. Bola de gude is still more frequent across the South, so bolita is regional rather than exclusive.
No Sul, bolita é um nome comum para bola de gude.In the South, bolita is a common name for a marble.
marble
A documented Southern alternative for a marble. It is less frequent than bola de gude and bolita, and boundaries inside the South are soft.
Em partes do Sul, você pode ouvir búrica no jogo de bolinhas de gude.In parts of the South, you may hear búrica in a game of marbles.
small dog, mutt
The gaúcho word for a small mutt, from Rioplatense Spanish. Aulete marks it pejorative, and it extends to people — calling someone a cusco means they are small and of no consequence, so keep it for dogs unless you mean to insult.
O cusco tá latindo sem parar.My mutt is barking nonstop.
slingshot
A southern and Centre-Western name for a slingshot. Funda has older and broader meanings too, so this entry teaches only the regional forked-slingshot sense.
Ele esticou a borracha da funda, mas desistiu de atirar.He pulled back the slingshot band but decided not to shoot.
kite
A regional variant of pandorga recorded in the Centre-West and southern kite-name area. It names an ordinary paper kite.
A pandoga subiu tão alto que quase sumiu entre as nuvens.The kite climbed so high that it almost disappeared among the clouds.
kite
A characteristic southern name for a paper kite, especially associated with Rio Grande do Sul and the southern border area.
No sul, pandorga pode significar pipa.In the south, pandorga can mean kite.
gourd (used for chimarrão mate tea)
The gourd (Lagenaria) and the mate cuia made from it — core chimarrão vocabulary in Rio Grande do Sul, where Aulete places it explicitly.
Meu avô tem um porongo antigo que usa todo dia.My grandfather has an old mate gourd that he uses every day.
slingshot
A regional southern-form name concentrated especially in Paraná and Espírito Santo, with a trail through nearby parts of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro.
A setra velha ainda tinha a borracha presa à forquilha.The old slingshot still had its band attached to the fork.
traffic light
One of the classic regional names for a traffic light, alongside semáforo (standard), sinal (Rio) and farol (São Paulo). It is ordinary everyday vocabulary, not slang, wherever it is used.
Para na sinaleira.Stop at the traffic light.
cigarette butt
A southern cigarette-butt sense: all xepa responses in this ALiB capital sample came from the South, though none came from Porto Alegre. It is separate from xepa meaning market leftovers.
Só restou uma xepa apagada no cinzeiro.Only an extinguished cigarette butt remained in the ashtray.
to humiliate, to walk all over
Gaúcho slang for humiliating someone or treating them as beneath you — 'não me deixo chinelear' means you refuse to be walked over. Confrontational in tone.
Ele não se deixa chinelear por ninguém.He doesn't let anyone walk all over him.
to get into trouble, to get cornered
From 'brete', the cattle chute: to embretar-se is to back yourself into a corner you cannot easily get out of. Southern, everyday, and vivid — the cattle image is still felt.
Se embretou com o prazo.He got into trouble with the deadline.
to sunbathe lazily
To bask lazily in the sun the way a lizard does — a relaxed, slightly humorous verb for lounging on a porch or a beach. Both dictionaries record it without any regional restriction, and Priberam's example is European Portuguese.
Passou a tarde toda lagarteando na varanda.He spent the whole afternoon sunbathing on the porch.
to space out, to get distracted
Slang for drifting off, idling, letting your attention wander — Aulete glosses it 'andar sem rumo, vagabundear, bestar'. Very informal; in the South it also has a literal sense of an animal swishing its tail at flies.
Mosqueei na aula e perdi tudo.I spaced out during class and missed everything.
to flirt, to chat up
In southern Brazil 'trovar' means to flirt with or chat someone up ('trovando aquela guria'). Elsewhere the verb only means to compose or sing verses, so the flirting sense will not be understood outside the South.
O Douglas tá trovando aquela guria ali.Douglas's flirting with the girl over there.
roundabout
The characteristic southern name for a roundabout, especially in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, with some influence in Paraná. ALiB also found isolated uses outside the South.
Na rótula, dê preferência a quem já está circulando.At the roundabout, yield to traffic already circulating.
mongrel, mutt
A small scruffy dog — the affectionate Southern word for a cur or mutt, often used of a family dog with no pedigree. It can also be thrown at a very short man.
Meu guaipeca toma conta do portão.My mutt always guards the gate.
dragonfly
A vivid informal dragonfly name recorded across the Centre-West, Southeast and South. Literally it resembles “bottom-washer”; use it as a regional animal name, not in formal writing.
Um lava-bunda pousou no varal logo depois da chuva.A dragonfly landed on the clothesline just after the rain.
next door, adjacent
Means adjoining/abutting and belongs to land, property and road vocabulary ('imóvel lindeiro', 'municípios lindeiros') rather than casual chat about the house next door.
O sítio lindeiro tem um arroio.My neighboring property has a stream.
opportunity, chance
Gaúcho word for a favourable moment or set of circumstances — an opening you should take. Priberam restricts it to Rio Grande do Sul, and notes it comes from River Plate Spanish.
Essa é uma olada boa pra viajar.This is a great chance to travel.
fight, brawl
Southern word for a fight, scrap or hard-fought contest — it covers bar brawls but also a tough struggle or a hard-fought match. Aulete labels it RS SC, so it is Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.
Teve uma peleia no bar ontem.There was a fight at the bar yesterday.
buck, money (one real)
Gaúcho slang for a unit of currency — 'cinquenta pilas' = fifty reais/bucks. CAUTION: in European Portuguese 'pila' is vulgar slang for penis (Priberam marks it Calão/Tabuísmo), so it is a Brazil-only usage.
Isso custa uns cinquenta pilas.This costs about fifty bucks.
