B1 (Intermediate)Lesson 6: Advanced Connectors & Discourse
Advanced connectors for expressing contrast and opposition between ideas.
mas = but (very common in speech)
porém = however (often more formal)
entretanto = nevertheless (often more formal)
embora = although (subjunctive in finite concessive clauses)
Mas: can start sentences in speech and writing
Porém/entretanto: can occur initially, internally or finally
Embora: subordinating, not coordinating
Register depends on context; mas is neutral
mas + clause OR clause + porém/entretanto OR embora + subjunctive clause
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Choosing the right contrast word helps express your register and tone! "Mas" is neutral in speech and writing; "entretanto" can give a more formal tone, depending on context. "Embora" shows advanced grammar with its subjunctive requirement. These words shape argument flow – from simple "but" contradictions to sophisticated concessions. Master these to participate in debates, write professionally, and understand everything from WhatsApp messages to legal documents.
mas (informal/neutral)
Universal usage
All contexts, including formal writing
Spoken and written
porém (formal)
Written preference
Business communication
"Quero ir, mas não tenho dinheiro" (I want to go, but I haven't got the money)
"Mas você não disse isso ontem?" (But didn't you say that yesterday?)
"Gosto dele, mas às vezes irrita" (I like him, but sometimes he's irritating)
"Tentei, mas não consegui" (I tried, but I couldn't do it)
"O projeto está aprovado, porém precisa de ajustes" (The project is approved, however it needs adjustments)
"Concordamos com a proposta; porém, solicitamos alterações" (We agree with the proposal; however, we are requesting changes)
"A economia cresceu, porém o desemprego persiste" (The economy grew, however unemployment persists)
"Excelente trabalho, porém" (Excellent work, however...)
A sentence-initial mas is grammatical; choose it to fit the text:
Colloquial speech: very common
Writing: also acceptable
"Mas será que...?" standard
Some speakers use "porém" casually:
The context influences its tone
It is not restricted to a single region
Its use does not establish the speaker’s age
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