B1 (Intermediate)Lesson 6: Advanced Connectors & Discourse
Advanced connectors for expressing contrast and opposition between ideas.
mas = but (90% of spoken usage)
porém = however (formal alternative)
entretanto = nevertheless (most formal)
embora = although (requires subjunctive)
Mas: can start sentences colloquially
Porém/entretanto: usually mid-sentence
Embora: subordinating, not coordinating
Register: mas < porém < entretanto
Choosing the right contrast word marks your register and education level! Using "mas" everywhere sounds basic, while dropping "entretanto" in casual conversation sounds pretentious. "Embora" shows advanced grammar with its subjunctive requirement. These words shape argument flow – from simple "but" contradictions to sophisticated concessions. Master these to participate in debates, write professionally, and understand everything from WhatsApp messages to legal documents.
mas + clause OR clause + porém/entretanto OR embora + subjunctive clause
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mas (informal/neutral)
Universal usage
All contexts except very formal
Spoken and written
porém (formal)
Written preference
Business communication
"Quero ir, mas não tenho dinheiro"
"Mas você não disse isso ontem?"
"Gosto dele, mas às vezes irrita"
"Tentei, mas não consegui"
"O projeto está aprovado, porém precisa de ajustes"
"Concordamos com a proposta; porém, solicitamos alterações"
"A economia cresceu, porém o desemprego persiste"
"Excelente trabalho, porém"
Traditional grammar says no, but:
Colloquial speech: very common
Modern writing: increasingly accepted
"Mas será que...?" standard
Some speakers use "porém" casually:
Regional (South Brazil)
Sounds pretentious elsewhere
Age marker (older speakers)
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