to scold, to give someone a telling-off
A mãe deu bronca no menino por ter chegado tarde.
The mother scolded the boy for arriving late.
Bronca traces back to bronco ("rough, unrefined, coarse"), and the noun kept that rough edge: a bronca is a blunt, no-nonsense telling-off, not a gentle correction.
Source: Priberam — dar bronca.
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